As part of what we hope will become a new tradition
here at Yahoo Finance, we’re taking a look back at the year’s worst
personal finance offenders: companies that cost customers millions of
dollars and untold hours of grief through a host of nefarious practices.
To come up with the top 7 offenders, we sifted through dozens
of actions taken by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau against bad
financial practices in 2015. In the last year, the watchdog agency
recovered more than $200 million in penalties from companies it found
had violated financial protection laws, and paid out to nearly 900,000
consumers.
For-profit college chain Corinthian Colleges Inc. was
ordered to forgive $480 million worth of private loans borrowed by
students
In February, the CFPB, working with the Department of
Education, announced the now-defunct chain of for-profit colleges would
forgive $480 million
worth of private student loans. Regulators accused Corinthian, which
owned dozens of schools opearting under the names Everest Institute,
WyoTech and Heald College, of misleading students with over-inflated graduation and job placement rates.
More than 60% of Corinthian borrowers wound up defaulting on their
loans within three years, according to the CFPB — six times the rate for
federal student loan borrowers. Interest rates for these loans were
also twice as high as those rates on federal loans.
The loan forgiveness was a huge win for Corinthian borrowers,
many of whom were left in the lurch when the company was ordered to
close down a large portion of its campuses in 2014 and 2015. Most
recently, in October, a federal court ruled in favor of the CFPB
in a 2014 lawsuit against Corinthian, agreeing that Corinthian was
liable for more than $530 million in loans taken out by students.
Verizon and Sprint will pay $120 million for allowing third party merchants to hit their customers with unauthorized charges
In May, the CFPB found Verizon (VZ) and Sprint’s (S)
flawed billing systems had allowed third-party merchants to hit
customers with millions of dollars worth of unauthorized charges. The
practice, known as “cramming,”
went on for nearly a decade from 2003 to 2014. Some customers were
charged one-time fees ranging from 99 cents to $14.99, while others were
stuck with monthly recurring charges of $9.99 for so-called “premium
texting” services (like horoscope and sports score updates). The worst
part? Sprint and Verizon were profiting handsomely from the practice,
pocketing 30%-40% of the gross revenue from these charges, according to
the CFPB, all while failing to keep track of customers who had submitted
complaints. They aren’t the first mobile providers to get caught
cramming — AT&T and T-Mobile have settled similar lawsuits as well.
Customers have until Dec. 31, 2015, to file a claim for a refund
New Jersey’s largest savings bank purposefully avoided lending to Black and Hispanic homebuyers
Redlining,
a practice through which businesses go out of their way to avoid
servicing people of certain racial and ethnic backgrounds, was found to
be alive and well in 2015. In September, Hudson City Savings Bank (HCBK), the largest savings bank in New Jersey with 135 branches, paid $33 million
to settle claims it marketed mortgages in areas mostly populated by
white homeowners in New Jersey and Long Island. The CFPB, working
alongside the Department of Justice, found that in 2014, only 25 of the
1,886 mortgages the bank approved went to black homeowners. This was the
result of a targeted effort to avoid areas with a heavy minority
presence. In 2011 and 2012, 94.5% of Hudson City’s top mortgage broker
offices were outside minority Black and Hispanic areas, according to the
CFPB. The settlement — which included $25 million in direct loan
subsidies to qualified borrowers in the affected communities, $2.25
million in community programs and outreach, and a $5.5 million penalty —
was the largest redlining settlement in history, according to the CFPB.
The subsidies go toward helping borrowers with down payments, closing
costs and reduced interest rates.
The CFPB and DOJ filed similar claims in May against Provident
Funding Associates, a California mortgage broker, calling on it to pay
$9 million in damages. The complaint alleges the company wrongfully
charged black and Hispanic borrowers higher broker fees on mortgage
loans.
It took RushCard weeks to restore service to hundreds of thousands of prepaid debit card customers who lost access to their accounts, cutting off their only access to cash
A botched systems upgrade
left hundreds of thousands of RushCard customers locked out of their
prepaid debit card accounts in October — some for a few days, many for
several weeks. For a user base largely consisting of low-income
minorities without savings accounts to fall back on, the impact was
devastating. RushCard, founded by hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons, is now
in hot water with regulators.
The CFPB is investigating the debacle but has yet to file formal
charges or levy specific fines. RushCard CEO Russell Simmons has
apologized publicly several times on behalf of the company, which has
offered to waive debit card fees through February 2016. The company also
says all lingering issues with customers have since been resolved. A
RushCard spokesperson told Yahoo Finance the company is cooperating with
the CFPB. However, in early December the CFPB said
RushCard “has been unable to deliver on its pledges of cooperation”
throughout the agency’s preliminary investigation. The revelation was
made in a letter denying RushCard’s request to dodge certain requests
for documents and information regarding the glitch—requests the company
argued were burdensome.
Discover Bank refunded 100,000 customers $16 million
for illegally inflating their student loan bills and misleading them
about benefits
As if graduating with tens of thousands of dollars of student
loan debt — which, sadly, is the new normal — wasn’t bad enough,
graduates have to contend with student loan servicers that don’t always
have their best interests at heart. In July, the CFPB ordered Discover
Bank (DFS)
and its affiliates to pay $16 million to customers for overestimating
their minimum payment requirements and denying them key information on
how to sign up for federal income tax benefits. As a result, borrowers
got stuck paying interest on loans that should have been deferred. Some
of those who weren’t able to make the larger payments became delinquent
on their accounts, incurring fees and late charges, while others had to
cut out other expenses to cover the payments, the CFPB said. Others
missed out on the student loan interest deduction tax credit. The
refunds, which ranged from $92 to $500, were credited directly to
borrowers’ accounts.
JPMorgan Chase was ordered to pay over $200 million in
restitution and fines for selling bad credit card debts and
robo-signing court documents
It’s routine for big banks to sell bad debts (typically those
that have been seriously delinquent for months) to third-party debt
buyers at a steep discount. But JPMorgan Chase (JPM)
got in hot water with the CFPB and attorneys general in 47 states in
July after revelations that the company had sold bad debts to buyers.
For example, some debts had actually been settled already, or had been
proven by the customer to be fraudulent. JPMorgan also sold debts that
contained incorrect balances and other accounts that belonged to
deceased borrowers. Even though it was the third-party collectors going
after borrowers for bad debts (often through litigation), JPMorgan was
on the hook because it knowingly sold the bad debts in the first place,
the CFPB alleged. Of the $200 million JPM was ordered to pay, $50
million was earmarked for customer refunds.
PayPal misled customers into signing up for lines of credit they never wanted
In May, PayPal (PYPL)
was ordered to refund $15 million to customers and pay a $10 million
fine after the CFPB found the company had illegally signed people up for
unwanted credit. Many who thought they were signing up for regular
PayPal accounts unwittingly registered for lines of credit through the
company’s lending arm, according to the CFPB. Some people only found out
when they started getting debt collection notices for past due amounts
or found evidence of the new account on their credit report.
Culled from yahoo finance
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